A recent study co-led by researchers at the UCLA Health Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center indicates that many men with prostate cancer may not require long-term hormone therapy. The findings reveal that most benefits of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) occur within the first 9 to 12 months, suggesting that extending treatment beyond this period offers minimal additional protection while potentially increasing the risk of serious health issues.
The research, published in the journal JAMA Oncology, assessed data from 10,266 men involved in 13 international clinical trials. The study specifically targeted the outcomes of overall survival, cancer-specific survival, and deaths due to other causes, comparing various durations of ADT.
Key Findings on Hormone Therapy Duration
Currently, ADT is a common treatment given alongside radiation aimed at slowing the progression of prostate cancer by lowering testosterone levels. Although effective, long-term ADT can lead to adverse side effects, including bone and muscle loss as well as cardiovascular problems. Conventional guidelines typically recommend a duration of 4 to 6 months for intermediate-risk patients and 18 to 36 months for those deemed high-risk. However, the optimal length of therapy has remained uncertain until now.
The study’s findings emphasize that shorter courses of hormone therapy may be adequate for many patients. This approach not only helps reduce side effects but also maintains the effectiveness of treatment. As a result, physicians can tailor treatment plans based on individual patient factors, such as cancer risk, overall health, age, and personal preferences.
Implications for Personalized Treatment
Dr. Amar Kishan, professor and executive vice chair of radiation oncology at the UCLA Health Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, highlighted the significance of these findings. He stated, “Prostate cancer treatment should not be one-size-fits-all. These findings help doctors personalize therapy, balancing cancer control with potential side effects and other health risks.”
This research marks a pivotal shift towards personalized prostate cancer care, allowing healthcare providers to make more informed decisions regarding ADT duration. The implications of the study could enhance both the safety and quality of life for patients, as shorter treatment durations may alleviate unnecessary health risks associated with prolonged hormone therapy.
As healthcare continues to evolve, the emphasis on personalized treatment plans underscores the importance of adapting medical practices to the unique circumstances of each patient. This study not only advances the understanding of prostate cancer treatment but also reinforces the potential for improved outcomes through tailored medical approaches.
For more detailed findings, refer to the study by Nicholas G. Zaorsky et al, titled “Optimal Duration of Androgen Deprivation Therapy With Definitive Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer,” published in JAMA Oncology in 2025 (DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.4800).
