New research indicates that contracting influenza, Covid-19, or similar viral infections significantly increases the risk of severe cardiac complications. An extensive analysis of 155 academic studies, published by the American Heart Association, reveals that infections from these viruses may elevate the likelihood of experiencing heart attacks or strokes by three to five times in the weeks following infection.
The study underscores that persistent viruses, including HIV, hepatitis C, and varicella zoster virus, can also enhance long-term cardiovascular risks. Lead author Associate Professor Kosuke Kawai from the University of California highlighted the importance of understanding the connection between viral infections and non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease. He stated, “Our study found acute and chronic viral infections are linked to both short- and long-term risks of cardiovascular disease, including strokes and heart attacks.”
Key Findings on Viral Infections and Cardiovascular Risks
The research team sought to examine all published studies that explored the relationship between viral infections and cardiovascular incidents. From an initial pool of 52,000 studies, they selected 155 for detailed analysis due to their robust design and quality. The findings revealed that the risk of suffering a heart attack was four times greater after being infected with influenza, while the likelihood of experiencing a stroke was five times higher within the month following a confirmed influenza diagnosis.
For those infected with Covid-19, the risk of a heart attack was three times greater, and the likelihood of a stroke was also threefold within the 14 weeks following infection. Notably, this increased risk persisted for up to a year after the initial infection. Individuals with HIV were found to have a 60% higher risk of heart attacks and a 45% increased risk of strokes over an average span of more than five years. Similar increased risks were documented for those with hepatitis C and shingles.
Dr. Kawai added, “The elevated risks for cardiovascular disease are lower for HIV, hepatitis C, and herpes zoster than the heightened short-term risk following influenza and Covid-19. However, the risks associated with these three viruses are clinically relevant, especially since they persist over long periods.”
The Role of Vaccination in Reducing Risks
Despite the concerning findings, the research team noted limitations in their study, primarily that it was based on observational data rather than controlled trials. Nevertheless, they emphasized the critical role of vaccinations in mitigating cardiovascular risks. The influenza vaccine, which protects against potentially fatal influenza infections, is offered to high-risk groups by the National Health Service (NHS) each autumn or early winter.
Beginning September 1, 2023, six main groups became eligible for flu vaccinations, including secondary school-aged children, pregnant women, and children with specific long-term health conditions. An additional six categories, including care home residents, frontline health and social care workers, and individuals aged 65 and older, became eligible from October 1.
The NHS is also urging certain populations to receive a winter Covid-19 jab this year. This includes individuals living in care homes for older adults, people aged 75 and over, and those with weakened immune systems due to health conditions or treatments.
For further details on vaccinations, individuals can visit the NHS website, which provides comprehensive information on eligibility and scheduling. With the study’s findings highlighting the connection between viral infections and cardiovascular risks, the importance of vaccination becomes increasingly clear, particularly for those at higher risk.
