Research conducted by the University of Westminster has revealed that the shape of the gluteus maximus muscle can provide valuable insights into metabolic health. This study, presented at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America in December 2023, analyzed over 61,000 MRI scans from a large UK health database. The findings indicate that changes in muscle shape, rather than simply size, may signify important underlying metabolic differences related to age, gender, lifestyle, and frailty.
The research team, led by E. Louise Thomas, Ph.D., a professor of metabolic imaging, explored how variations in muscle shape correlate with fitness levels, aging, and other lifestyle factors. They found that individuals with higher levels of physical activity, assessed through measures such as vigorous exercise and hand grip strength, exhibited a more prominent gluteus maximus shape. Conversely, aging, frailty, and prolonged periods of inactivity were associated with muscle thinning.
Muscle Shape and Metabolic Indicators
The study highlights a crucial connection between gluteus maximus morphology and health indicators, particularly in people with type 2 diabetes. According to Marjola Thanaj, Ph.D., a senior research fellow at the university, changes in the gluteal muscle shape may serve as early signals of “functional decline” and “metabolic compromise.” The research noted that men diagnosed with type 2 diabetes typically showed muscle shrinkage, while women displayed an enlargement of the muscle, likely due to fat infiltration.
Moreover, the study observed that men classified as “frail” experienced more general shrinkage of the gluteus maximus, whereas women showed a more limited effect. This suggests distinct gender-based responses to frailty and metabolic health.
Implications for Long-Term Health
The findings underscore the importance of glute strength in overall health. According to fitness expert Tanya Becker, co-founder of Physique 57, strengthening the glutes is an essential investment in long-term health. As the largest muscle group in the body, the gluteus maximus plays a significant role in protecting the lower back, hips, and knees from undue stress. Becker emphasizes that larger muscle groups not only burn more calories but also aid in regulating blood sugar levels.
She recommends traditional strength training exercises such as squats, lunges, and bridges to enhance glute strength. For those with injuries or joint pain, Becker suggests alternatives like Pilates and barre classes, which focus on bodyweight movements and can be adapted for various fitness levels.
Collectively, this research enhances understanding of how muscle shape can reflect broader metabolic issues and offers a new lens through which to assess physical health. As the study suggests, attention to the gluteus maximus may be critical for maintaining physical function and overall well-being, particularly as one ages.
