Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University are pioneering a new approach to cancer detection that could transform early diagnosis. The university received up to $26.7 million in funding from the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H) to develop a groundbreaking at-home screening test capable of identifying over 30 types of Stage 1 cancer.
The envisioned test is a multistep process designed for convenience and effectiveness. Initially, patients will ingest a bioengineered pill containing tumor sensors that activate in response to specific biological markers, such as low oxygen levels, acidity, and lactate—key indicators of cancer. Once triggered, these sensors will release signals indicating the presence of a tumor, which will be excreted into urine. Patients will then conduct a urine test using a simple device that analyzes the results and identifies the organ affected. The findings will be transmitted via smartphone to a medical professional for further evaluation and potential treatment.
Leading the project is Professor Rebecca Taylor, a Mechanical Engineering expert at Carnegie Mellon. According to Taylor, the initiative has the potential to significantly decrease cancer mortality rates by enabling earlier and more reliable detection. “If you can find tumors at Stage 1, they are much easier to treat,” she noted. This innovative research aims to not only improve patient outcomes but also reduce overall healthcare costs.
The project, which commenced in October 2025, involves collaboration among seven institutions, each contributing unique expertise. Burak Ozdoganlar, co-leader of the project and Ver Plank Professor at Carnegie Mellon, emphasized the importance of this teamwork in tackling the complexities of cancer detection. “We’ve broken down the problem into various stages and are exploring multiple types of molecular sensors,” Ozdoganlar explained.
Taylor highlighted that success in this venture could redefine the landscape of cancer treatment, providing peace of mind to patients who may otherwise face uncertain diagnoses. “Imagine receiving annual results that confirm no new tumors have been found or identifying a small, treatable tumor early on,” she said.
The researchers are also focusing on ensuring that the test is accessible and user-friendly. “Trust is essential,” Taylor stated. “We need to design a device that is reliable, low-cost, and easy to use. The ultimate goal is for this test to be affordable for all users, ideally around $100, as suggested by ARPA-H.” This is viewed as a significant challenge, yet the team believes it can achieve this goal by engineering every aspect of the platform to meet performance and cost requirements.
Community engagement is also a priority. The team is collaborating with UPMC Hillman Cancer Center to conduct surveys that will help determine what features prospective users would find most beneficial and affordable. This feedback will guide the design process to ensure the test meets the needs of patients in real-world settings.
Overall, the research at Carnegie Mellon University represents a promising advancement in early cancer detection, with the potential to enhance the quality of life for millions affected by this devastating disease.
